Plane-Stress/Plate Stresses

Function

• Check the stress distribution of plane-stress elements or plate elements in Contours.

Call

From the main menu, select [Results] tab > [Type : Analysis results] > [Result Display] group > [Stresses] > [Plane-Stress/Plate Stresses]

Input

Plane-Stress/Plate Stresses dialog box

Load Cases/Combinations

Select a desired load case, load combination or envelope case.

Click  to the right to enter new or modify existing load combinations. (Refer to "Load Cases / Combinations")

Step
Specify the step for which the analysis results are to be produced. The Step is defined in geometric nonlinear analysis as Load Step, and additional steps are defined in the construction stages of heat of hydration analysis etc.

The Construction Stage applicable for the output of the construction stage analysis is defined in Select Construction Stage for Display or Stage Toolbar.

When pushover analysis is performed for a structure containing Plate, Plane Stress or Solid elements, the pushover analysis results for Plate, Plane Stress or Solid elements can be produced by Steps.

Stress Options

Define options necessary to draw the stresses.

Global : Display the stresses with respect to GCS.

Local : Display the stresses with respect to the element's local coordinate system.

UCS : For planar elements, which are placed parallel with the x-y plane of a User Coordinate System, resulting stresses are displayed relative to the UCS. If no UCS has been defined, the Global Coordinate System is assigned.

Print UCS Axis : Check on to print the UCS axes on the output.

Element

Display the contour using the element stresses calculated at each node of the elements.

Avg. Nodal

Display the contour using the average nodal stresses of the contiguous elements sharing the common nodes.

Avg. Nodal Active Only

Execute Avg. Nodal for only currently active elements.

Top

Display stresses at the top side of plate elements. The top side refers to the upper extreme fiber in the element's local z-direction.

Bottom

Display stresses at the bottom side of plate elements. The bottom side refers to the lower extreme fiber in the element's local z-direction.

Both Sides

Display simultaneously stresses at the top and bottom sides considering the thickness of the plate elements. The stresses through the thickness of the plate elements are linearly interpolated.

Abs Max

Display only the maximum absolute values of the stresses at the top and bottom surfaces.

Components

Select the desired stress component among the following:

For Local

Sig - xx : Axial stress in the element's local x-direction (Perpendicular to local y-z plane)

Sig - yy : Axial stress in the element's local y-direction (Perpendicular to local x-z plane)

Sig - xy : Shear stress in the element's local x - y plane (In-plane shear stress)

Vector : Display the maximum and minimum principal stresses in vectors

Vector Scale Factor : Drawing scale for the vector diagram

                                                              Sig-xx                                     Sig-yy                                  Sig-xy

For UCS

Sig-xx : Axial stress in the direction of the user coordinate system's x-axis.

Sig-yy : Axial stress in the direction of the user coordinate system's y-axis.

Sig-zz : Axial stress in the direction of the user coordinate system's z-axis.

Sig-xy : Shear stress in the x-y plane of the user coordinate system.

Sig-yz : Shear stress in the y-z plane of the user coordinate system.

Sig-xz : Shear stress in the z-x plane of the user coordinate system.

Sig-max : Maximum Principal Stress

Sig-min : Minimum Principal Stress

Sig-eff : von-Mises Stress

Max-Shear : Maximum shear stress (Tresca Stress)

Type of Display

Define the type of display as follows:

Contour

Display the displacement of the model in contour.

Ranges : Define the contour ranges.

Customize Range : Assign the color distribution range of contour. Using the function, specific colors for specific ranges can be assigned.

Number of Colors : Assign the number of colors to be included in the contour (select among 6, 12, 18, 24 colors)

Colors : Assign or control the colors of the displacement contour.

Color Table : Assign the type of Colors.

Customize Color Table : Control the colors by zones in the contour.

Reverse Contour : Check on to reverse the sequence of color variation in the contour.

Contour Line : Assign the boundary line color of the contour

Element Edge : Assign the color of element edges while displaying the contour

Contour Options : Specify options for contour representation

Contour Fill

Gradient Fill : Display color gradient (shading) in the contour.

Draw Contour Lines : Display color boundaries in the contour.

Draw Contour Line Only
Display only the colored boundaries of the contour.

Mono line : Display the boundaries of the contour in a mono color.

Contour Annotation
Legend or annotation signifying the ranges of the contour is displayed.

Spacing : Display the spacing for the legnd or annotation.

Coarse Contour (faster) (for large plate or solid model)
Represent a simplified contour for a large model using plate or solid elements in order to reduce the time required to represent a complete contour.

Extrude
Where plate elements or solid elements along a cutting plane are represented in contour, a three dimensional contour is created. The positive direction of the analysis results is oriented in the z-axis direction of the local element coordinate system.
The option is not concurrently applicable with the Deformed Shape option. Similarly, the option cannot be concurrently applied to the cases where the Hidden option is used to display plate element thicknesses or the Both option is used to represent Top & Bottom member forces (stresses).

Deform

Display the deformed shape of the model.

Deformation Scale Factor
Magnify or reduce the size of the displacement graphically displayed in the model window.

Deformation Type
Select the type of display for displacement

Nodal Deform : Display the deformed shape only with nodal displacements.

Real Displacement (Auto-Scale off) : The true deformation of the structure is graphically represented without magnifying or reducing it. This option is typically used for geometric nonlinear analysis reflecting large displacement.

Relative Displacement : The deformation of the structure is graphically represented relative to the minimum nodal displacement, which is set to "0"

Values

Display the forces/moments of plate elements in numerical values.

The font and color of the numbers can be controlled in Display Option.

Decimal Points : Assign decimal points for the displayed numbers

Exp. : Express as exponentials

Min & Max : Display the maximum and minimum values

Abs Max : Display the absolute maximum value

Max : Display only the maximum value

Min : Display only the minimum value

Limit Scale(%) : Set the screen display limit for internal forces relative to the selected maximum or minimum value

Set Orientation : Display orientation of numerical values

The default Decimal Points can be controlled in "Preferences".
Set Orientation = 0 horizontally displays the numerical values to the right of nodes or elements.
The orientation angle represents the counter-clockwise direction, which may be used to enhance the readability of the numbers.

Legend

Display various references related to analysis results to the right or left of the working window.

Element numbers pertaining to the maximum and minimum forces are displayed.

Legend Position : Position of the legend in the display window

Rank Value Type : Specify a type of values in the Legend and the number of decimal points

Animate

Dynamically simulate the forces/moments of plate elements.

Click the Apply button then click the Record button to the right of the Animation control board at the bottom of the working window.

Animation Mode : Determine the type of animation for analysis results.

Animate Contour : Option to change the color of the contour representing the transition according to the magnitudes of variation

Repeat Half/Full Cycle : Select the repetition cycle for the dynamic representation of the transition

Select 'Half Cycle' for the transient shapes of a structure and 'Full Cycle' for dynamically simulating vibration modes or buckling modes.

AVI Options : Enter the options required to produce animation window.

Bits per Pixel: Number of bits per pixel to create the default window for animation

Compressor: Assign the method of compressing image data

Frames per Half Cycle (3~300) : Number of frames to simulate a 'Half Cycle'

Frames per Second (5~60) : Number of frames per second to present dynamic simulation

Construction Stage Option : Select the animation options when the construction stage analysis is performed.

Stage Animation : Animations by construction stages

Current Stage-Step : Animations by Steps in the current construction stage

From ~ To : Starting and ending construction stages or steps for animations

Undeformed : Overlap the undeformed and deformed shapes of the model.

Mirrored

"Mirrored" allows the user to expand the analysis results obtained from a half or quarter model into the results for the full model by reflecting planes.

Half Model Mirroring

Quarter Model Mirroring

Mirror by : Specify the mirror plane (s) by designating a plane and a coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the plane in GCS.

Disp. Opt.

Plate stress contour can be displayed using the value at the element center instead of element node. Plate stresses at the nodes are determined by the linear interpolation of Gauss points, which often leads to stress exceeding yield stress. The center values will rarely exceed the yield stress.

Yield Point

If the analysis results produced by material nonlinear analysis exceed the yield stress of Plastic Material defined in Initial Uniaxial Yield Stress, Hinge is produced at Gauss Point.

Yield Point is applicable in Plane Stress Elements and Plate Elements.

For displaying Yield Points on a Plate Element, a Laminated Shell model with 7 layers has been used in order to consider material nonlinear analysis. To check the yield state of Gauss Points, "0,1" is applied from bottom to top. "0" represents the state of elasticity and "1" the state of yielding. For rectangular or triangular elements, the method of displaying "0,1" is identical.

Rectangular Element                                                Triangular Element

Cutting Diagram

Graphically display the stresses of the plain-stress/plate elements along the cutting line or plane.

Click the ... button to access the detail setting dialog box to define the cutting line or plate required to produce and view the element stresses.

Plate Cutting Diagram Mode

Cutting Line : Produce a graph along a cutting line

When Cutting Line is selected

Cutting Plane : Produce a graph along the line of intersection of the cutting plane and plate elements

When Cutting Plane is selected

Batch Output Generation

Given the types of analysis results for Graphic outputs, generate consecutively graphic outputs for selected load cases and combinations. A total number of files equal to the products of the numbers of checked items in the three columns of the dialog box below are created.

: Batch Output Generation : Assign a Base File Name under which the types of results (selection data in the Batch Output Generation dialog box for graphic outputs) are stored.

: Batch Output Generation : Specify the Base Files to perform Batch Output Generation, construction stages, load cases (combinations), steps, etc. in the following dialog box.

Saved Menu-Bar Info's : Listed here are the Base Files. Select the Base File Names for Batch Output.

Delete the selected : Delete all the Base Files selected with the mouse.

When the construction stage analysis is carried out, all the construction stages are listed. We simply select the stages of interests to be included in the batch output. If no construction stage analysis is performed, the column in the dialog box becomes inactive and lists load (combination) conditions.

Stages

The results output of all the construction stages are produced. The construction stages are listed below.

Post CS Loads

The results output for only the Final Stage are produced. The construction stages are listed below. If no construction stage analysis is performed, the load (combination) conditions are listed.

Use Saved

Apply only the (saved) step or load (combination) condition selected at the time of creating each Base File.

Stage LCase/LComb

When the construction stage analysis is carried out, the auto-generated construction stage load conditions and the additionally entered construction stage load combinations are listed. Check on only the load (combination) conditions that will be used to produce batch outputs. This column becomes inactive if "Post CS Loads" is selected or no construction stage analysis is carried out.

Step Option

Specify the steps for which the outputs will be produced when the construction stage analysis or large displacement geometric nonlinear analysis is performed.

Saved Step : Use only the steps used for creating the Base Files

All Steps : Use all the steps

Output Options

Output File Type

Select a Graphic File type, either BMP or EMF.

Auto Description : At the top left of the Graphic Outputs produced in batch, auto-generate and include the notes such as the types and components of the analysis results, construction stages and steps, load (combination) conditions, etc. The font size, color, type, etc. can be changed upon clicking the  button.

Output Path

Specify the path for saving the graphic files to be produced in batch.

File Prefix : Specify the prefix of the Graphic Files to be created. The filenames will be consisted of "Prefix"_"Base File Name"_"Load Comb.".bmp(emf) or "Prefix"_"Base File Name"_"Stage"_"Stage LCase"_"Step".bmp(emf).

Make Output : Produce the specified batch Graphic Files reflecting the contents of the dialog box.

Export / Import

Produce the contents of data input in the Base Files and Batch Output Generation dialog box in a binary type file (fn.bog). Click the Import button and select a fn.bog to use the same output format.

Import /Export is only meaningful for different projects. In a given structural model, the Base Files are automatically stored and listed.